TEHRAN – Iranian art of embroidery, Monjugh-Douzi, has long been applied to ornate clothing, headwears, bags, decorative tableaus, pencil holders, cases of stamps or brushes, belts, and necklaces to name a few.

Monjugh-Duzi is the art of sewing Mojugh beads to fabrics.Experts believe that the know-how of the delicate handicraft has been passed down from generation to generation since ancient times.According to Visit Iran, there are some historical documents and evidence that prove this art was quite popular during the Achaemenid and Sassanid eras.In those days, floorings, and garments were ornated by Monjughs, however, it was a custom specific to aristocrats.Gradually the material for making Monjugh changed from gemstones to glass and they turned into a craft practiced and used by ordinary people.The first step is to pass the beads through yarn by using a needle and then, sew them to the fabric based on the pattern.

There are a lot of patterns and motifs that can be applied in Monjugh-Duzi such as “Gol o Morgh” (flower and bird), “Gol o Buteh” (flower and bush), kinds of paisley, birds, animals, hunting grounds, geometric, trees, cypresses, arabesque, “Toranji” and “Sar Toranji”, “Sar Lachaki”, “Shamsehee”, “Bazubandi”, “Band Rumi”, “Shah Abbasi”, knots, patterns from Kelims, holy names, etc.Monjughs are regularly sewed to thick silk, satin, and other shiny fabrics in different colors, and in styles such as “Khati” or linear, “Tupor” where the motif is filled by Monjugh, “Bast-Duzi”, “Cobareh-Duzi” and “Barjesteh-Duzi” or embossed.

Sometimes it is used along with other embroideries like “Gheytan-Duzi” which is done with thick yarn, or with silk yarn, sequins, pearls, and filigree.Tiny beads being sewed to clothing and other textiles, Monjughs became highly popular in the late 20th century, during the Qajar era.

Some of the valuable and elaborate Monjugh-Duzi pieces of this era are kept in the Decorative Arts Museum of Iran and can be visited.AFM